Sunday, September 13, 2009

My Dangerous Idea

Things are busy for me this fall as I am starting teachers' college. This has left me with less time to read the books I would like to read. Still, I am slowly working my way through a book called What Is Your Dangerous Idea? It is a compilation of short essays by many of today's top thinkers.

To more narrowly define the question, these thinkers were asked to describe an idea, not necessarily their own original idea, but one they think about a lot. The key is that the idea should be "dangerous" not because it is assumed to be false but because it might actually be true (John Brockman).

I do not wish to talk about any of their ideas in this post. Instead, here's one candidate idea for most dangerous that I often think about:

The Asian approach to education is actually superior to the Western approach.

Given that I'm now taking a program to become a teacher in Western society, this is certainly a dangerous idea.

I might be dead wrong. There is plenty to criticize about the style of education they dole out in countries like Japan, Korea, and China. Kids in those Far East nations spend crazy hours devoted to study. Without any statistics at hand to back this up, the suicide rate amongst students is said to be much higher in those countries. Many kids are sent to Western countries to study in the belief that they will receive a better education. And of course, we shouldn't forget the primary criticism that Asian schools focus on rote learning, while their Western counterparts nurture creative thinking.

But as I discussed in a previous post, intuition isn't all it's cracked up to be. Our intuition that our education system is better just might be wrong. In case you doubt that, here are a few quotes from the news recently:

"An evaluation by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ranked the United States 18th among 36 countries in secondary education. Almost 25 percent of U.S. students fail to graduate from high school on time; in South Korea, it’s 7 percent." (New York Times, August 23, 2009)

The National Education Association (in America) reported recently that results from testing found: "The fourth and eight graders who tested in mathematics improved their average scores compared to European students, however, fail to compete with Asian students from China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea and Singapore." (September 8, 2009)

"Asian American students achieved best scores in the 2009 U.S. SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) college entrance exam in mathematics and writing, according to a report by the U.S. College Board." (August 27, 2009) How about that -- Asian-American students even beat the rest of America's students at their own game.

As a former English teacher in Korea, I'm well aware of the perception amongst many of my foreign colleagues that we Westerners are lucky to have been educated in North America. But what is the basis of such an assertion in the face of statistical evidence that says otherwise?

Whether or not the Asian methodology is better than the Western, what it really boils down to is effort. Asians take education more seriously. They are willing (as a general rule) to put more time and effort into their studies. U.S. President Barack Obama even felt it necessary to lecture America's youth on their responsibility to themselves to be better students. How many kids will heed his advice?

Given the population difference between Asia and the West, the new century will soon become the Asian Century. I'm not here to criticize that; I just think that we Westerners will have to pull our collective head out of the sand and consider which parts of the Asian approach to education we should adopt.

It would be dangerous not to do so.

Friday, August 21, 2009

The 21st Century and Creativity

One of the thought experiments I have done often over the years is to imagine what the world will be like at specific points in the future: 10 years from now, 50 years, 100, 1000, and so on. What inspires me to think along these lines is the knowledge of how much life changed in the western world from 1900 to 2000. At the beginning of the century, when the horse (and buggy) served as the mode of transportation for a majority of people, I seriously doubt that much thought was given to space travel. Also, only the keenest of imaginations might have considered the possibility of air travel, the ability to send images over invisible airwaves into a box later to be called a TV, or the development of a global network we would call the Internet.

But as we know, civilization marches forward at a seemingly exponential rate. Why does it grow so quickly? How do we (as the human race) continue to raise our level of knowledge to greater and greater capacities? Is that capacity infinite?

It is my belief that the advances of the 21st century will dwarf those of the previous one hundred years. The primary reasons are globalization and the Internet, which will lead to one overall factor: the rise in human creativity.

Whatever one thinks about globalization on a moral level, an inescapable outcome is that more and more people on Earth are getting the sorts of high level education that only elites (particularly western European or North American elites) used to receive. As Thomas Friedman makes clear with his "flat world" analogy, the percentage of people earning graduate degrees is skyrocketing in the world's two most populous nations, China and India. Factor in places like Japan, South Korea, Russia, and hopefully someday Latin America, and the overall percentage of the human population with significant knowledge will reach unprecedented levels.

As Friedman points out, the rise of engineers in cheap-labour places like India and China has resulted in an outsourcing of certain types of jobs to those countries. What is left for many in North America and western Europe is whatever they create for themselves -- which is to say that so much intellectual talent in the first world is now devoted to creative processes. People are developing new types of work or designing new methods for building and distributing their products and services. The less interesting work is being handled (so far, happily) by the newly educated in Asia; the West's best hope is to work on new ideas that advance our civilization.

(If the previous paragraph isn't clear, take just one of the examples in Friedman's book The World is Flat. In America, when you take your income taxes to an accountant, there's a very good chance that they are actually being calculated by a person in Mumbai who has been educated in whichever specific state's tax codes you happen to belong to. Meanwhile, the American accountant you are paying to handle your taxes will be engaged in international negotiations to expand his/her business, or finding loopholes to serve you better, etc. All of this is done in lightning fast time because of the Internet, which of course enables nearly real-time business operation on a global scale.)

But what happens after a few decades when all of these highly educated people around the world begin to get bored with the "easy" work? It's simple. They will also turn to the creative side of the ledger. The engineering talent that is coming in the next two-three generations, from all over the world, will devise new systems, machines, computers, and probably other things we haven't thought of yet. Combined with the continued accumulation of information on the Internet thanks to Google, Wikipedia, or some other as-yet invented global repository, one can see that the digital world consciousness will begin to take us places we've never dreamed about. About the only thing that can stop this march is some kind of catastrophe (man-made or natural) that would cut a significant swath of the population from this equation.

So what will the world look like?

In 10-20 years, the World Wide Web will be much more advanced than now, allowing for easier-to-access information (much easier than now), and the ability to communicate with others as if they were in the same room as you (better video conferencing, for example). There will be virtually no barrier to information accumulation or sharing. In education, advances in brain theory and learning style theory (already well developed) will cause an increase in knowledge in the general population. This will push the next wave of human consciousness.

In 50 years, our modes of transportation will be different, but recognizable. I think hydrogen-powered vehicles will become common. Our environment will be better off for our efforts, and maybe we will have turned the tide back on global warming to some extent.

In 100 years, I'm not sure how recognizable our world will be. Perhaps we will all live in eco-sustainable housing. So many jobs will have been invented that we can't predict what our economy will look like. Wars will have taken place, certain cultures will rise and fall. Maybe robots will have become standard members of the family. Our knowledge of science will take great leaps forward to make such achievements possible. Organized religion will be on its deathbed. That's my personal hope, anyway.

And in 1000 years? Your guess is as good as mine.

Wednesday, August 19, 2009

The Best of Richard Feynman

Below are links to some of my favourite Richard Feynman clips on YouTube. Each one usually comes in many parts, so for full value click on the ensuing clips.





Tuesday, August 18, 2009

Quotes I Like

"I don't know anything, but I do know that everything is interesting if you go into it deeply enough."

-- Richard Feynman

"It is dangerous to judge ability by short-term results."

-- Leonard Mlodinow

Thoughts on Intuition

One of the ideas I've thought about a lot of late is the notion of intuition. What is it exactly? What role does it play in our lives? Is it a good thing or not?

The source of my interest in intuition is not just one book or personal experience, but several. It is brought about by a variety of subjects, including physics and mathematics, as well as history and current events. It is a theme that pops up again and again in the books I read, so I figure it is worth exploring.

According to dictionary.com, intuition is the "direct perception of truth, fact, etc., independent of any reasoning process." Also, it is "a keen and quick insight." The "independent of any reasoning process" part is what catches my attention, as this separates the idea of intuition from science.

Of course, intuition does serve a purpose in our day-to-day life. Without it, we would be forced to consider various possibilities we face every day without referring to past experience. For example, if I fail to set my alarm, my intuition may tell me that I'll wake up late and not get to work on time. I don't need to consider every single day whether I should set the alarm. But this is not such an important example of intuition. It is when we make decisions based on probability -- which can also be called incomplete knowledge -- that intuition tends to muddy things up.

In the book The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives, physicist Leonard Mlodinow describes how intuition comes from experience, and the perceived causal connection between events/actions. He notes the research done by scientist Daniel Kahneman, who found that people often make false connections based on intuition. The example was a group of Israeli air force flight instructors who argued that they could change the behaviour of their pilots by yelling at them after they messed up. In the same vein, these instructors usually found that praising the pilots for doing a good job resulted in poorer performance the next flight. Therefore, they logically deduced that praise was a waste of time, while punishment brought about the desired effect.

Kahneman eventually realized that what was happening was a phenomenon called 'regression to the mean' (p.8). Extreme performances (either good or bad) are beyond the norm, and they tend to return to a more average performance in subsequent trials. In other words, there was no cause/effect relationship, but the instructors' intuition told them otherwise. Throughout the 1960's, research found that people's intuition about randomness failed them.

Mlodinow later discussed another phenomenon that tends to support a false trust in intuition, the 'confirmation bias' (p.189). "When we are in the grasp of an illusion... instead of searching for ways to prove our ideas wrong, we usually attempt to prove them correct." He also quotes Francis Bacon: "The human understanding, once it has adopted an opinion, collects any instances that confirm it, and though contrary instances may be more numerous and more weighty, it either does not notice them or else rejects them, in order that this opinion will remain unshaken" (p.189). So, humans have the unmatched ability to ignore facts when they disagree with intuition.
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Richard Feynman was possibly the smartest man of the twentieth century. I have only begun to learn about his impact on science through reading the book The Pleasure of Finding Things Out, and through viewing a number of interviews with him on YouTube.



One of his points that really struck me in the above video is how he desired to speak to knowledgeable men, those men who had explored their subject as deeply as possible to the point where they have nothing left but more questions (for nature holds many mysteries). This statement implied that most people don't have complete knowledge upon which to base their conclusions. We think we "know" something when, in fact, we are guessing or assuming the truth of the matter. We are greatly impacted culturally by superstition or so-called common sense. And this is, in part, why intuition tends to confuse us rather than enlighten.

In my own world, I sometimes wonder about history (in the sense of the official story that is taught in schools and taken for granted within a culture at large). How certain should we be about what we think we know? My intuition tells me that what we learn in Canadian history classrooms is what actually happened. I am led to believe that Canadians have fought valiantly in wartime. And yet, I remember talking to an old Korean man one night many years ago in Seoul who had been in the Korean War. He told me that the Canadian soldiers he saw behaved like cowards. This assault on my common knowledge of the Canadian soldier was a major affront to my pride. But what if it were true? Do we tend to get duped by what our cultural myths would have us believe? I believe it is foolish to think otherwise. It is intuitive to believe that which we are constantly told unless we learn to doubt. Question authority, goes the old saying.

Should intuition be ignored? For daily routine, I doubt it matters if we follow intuition. But in matters where people tend to have opposing points of view or a different cultural background, intuition is probably the greatest barrier to seeing the truth. Once we recognize this, we can learn to control our impulse to accept that which we assume.

Monday, July 13, 2009

Random Thoughts

I've just finished reading chapter one of Steven Johnson's latest, The Invention of Air. This follows my recent completion of The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives, where Leonard Mlodinow eloquently explained the mathematical concepts behind random actions. Both books deal with the matter of how events often develop out of thin air (much more so than we could ever imagine). In particular, both writers discuss how great leaps forward in conceptual thinking are typically the result of sheer luck -- being in the right place at the right time.

Which is not to say that people aren't deserving of their fame and legacy. It's just that in addition to having a good dose of smarts, it never hurts to have the good fortune of being in a time and place where someone else recognizes your genius. It's safe to say that there have been many more geniuses in the history of our world who didn't benefit from such luck, and therefore did not grace us with whatever insights they may have developed. But that's just the way it is. Occasionally you hit in a game of roulette; more often, you miss.

On a personal note, in recent days I've run into two situations that seem to be pure cases of randomness. First, a buddy of mine suddenly contracted a bacterial infection in his elbow that, if not for quick action by doctors, would have led to flesh-eating disease. The doctors had very little explanation for the way the bacteria in his arm all decided to congregate and attack his elbow. But that's something that will happen at random. We all have bacteria in our bodies, and usually we handle them just fine; for some reason, the bacteria in my friend's body turned on him. There's probably no point looking for a reason. It may have just been a random (bad) luck of the draw.

The other incident took place at a bookstore in Seoul this past weekend. While browsing for a good book to buy (the one that eventually became The Invention of Air), a young Korean man who had been standing next to me for a few moments suddenly asked if I worked for JLS. Since I do, I said yes. He then asked if my name was Phil. I was clearly surprised, and I went on to learn that he had been in a class of mine some four or five years earlier. He was now a student at New York University who was doing a summer internship in Korea. So, in a city of over ten million people, a guy I met maybe a dozen times in a writing class years earlier now recognized me. Seems almost bizarre on the surface. But I would have to guess that the odds of such a meeting are not that astronomical since I have taught thousands of students in my years in Korea. In spite of aging, at least one of those students was bound to know me, and we just happened to be in the right place at the right time.

For the past couple of days, I've wondered what (if any) significance there is to be gleaned from this chance encounter. Perhaps it comes in the comment he made that despite the fact many of the students in that class were being ignorant and inattentive (paraphrasing), he personally liked the class. Over the years, there have been certain classes where I've been so turned off by the general apathy of the students that I've forgotten that one or two of them may actually have been getting something from the course. In other words, this encounter may have been my wake-up call to not throw in the towel when I get frustrated with a class. Not all of the students are wasting their time, and it is my responsibility to reach those who care. Well, okay, it's my responsibility to reach ALL students -- I know, I get that. But I shouldn't lump them all together.

And this leads me to some thoughts about another book I read recently: Teacher Man by Frank McCourt. He gained fame a few years ago for his Pulitzer prize-winning memoir Angela's Ashes. In Teacher Man, McCourt tells of his 30 years as a teacher in New York City high schools, of his struggle to reach students under difficult circumstances. It is a wonderful ongoing story that is easy to relate to for any teacher. Some of his thoughts, gleaned from in-the-moment situations, particularly struck me: "If you bark or snap (at the students), you lose them. That's what they get from parents and the schools in general... If they strike back with the silent treatment, you're finished in the classroom... They have you by the balls and you created the situation." Yikes! And so true.

Teaching... history... randomness... the future -- what does it hold?

Monday, July 6, 2009

Michael Jackson

It has taken some time for me to write anything about Michael Jackson, given his recent death. Truthfully, he's not the kind of artist I normally give much thought about, and his actions over recent years make him somewhat harder to stomach.

Nevertheless, the truth is that he's a global icon, and likely to remain so in death in much the same way that Elvis continues to hold our imagination. I would be remiss to ignore something of such obvious importance to so many people.

I first heard of Michael Jackson around 1983 or '84, when I received the Thriller album from my cousins for Christmas. I liked it. Of course, I didn't have much of a discerning taste for music, which is not to take an unnecessary stab at Michael Jackson. Rather, at that point in my life, I was acquiring new music approximately once every 6 months, so I was pretty happy for anything. This was it. Besides, the guy's music videos were everywhere, and he was in the news so much that I figured it was a good bandwagon to hop aboard.

Honestly, though, I got over my interest in the Thriller album fairly quickly once I started becoming more of a fan of hard rock groups like Van Halen and Whitesnake in the following year. And when you said you were a fan of metal, you could never acknowledge an interest in pop. It just wasn't done. So, goodbye, Thriller album.

Michael went on to make a few more albums that were pretty successful, although I couldn't tell you what most of them are called because I never acquired another one. No, Michael became more and more infamous for his crazy obsession to mess with his biology through ongoing hormone treatments and plastic surgery, eventually becoming physically unrecognizable. (I wonder how many people came up with the same joke, as I did, that Michael Jackson's body had appeared to begin decomposing long before his death).

I thought about going into some of the crazier aspects of his life, but they are far too numerous for me to even attempt.

Memorials have been held all over the world for Michael Jackson. His funeral takes place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles on July 7th. Thousands of people want to attend. It's a circus.

There isn't much more to be said, is there?